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- $Unique_ID{BRK03996}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Meningitis, Tuberculous}
- $Subject{Meningitis Tuberculous Tuberculous Meningitis TBM Meningitis
- Encephalitis }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 806:
- Meningitis, Tuberculous
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Meningitis, Tuberculous) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Tuberculous Meningitis
- TBM
-
- Information on the following disorders may be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Meningitis
- Encephalitis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM) is a form of meningitis caused by a specific
- bacteria known as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Meningitis is characterized by
- inflammation of the membranes (meninges) around the brain or spinal cord.
- This inflammation can begin suddenly (acute) or develop gradually (subacute).
- In Tuberculous Meningitis, the disorder develops gradually. Symptoms may
- include fever, headache, and a stiff neck, sometimes with aching muscles.
- Nausea, vomiting and other symptoms may occur. Treatment with antibiotics
- and other drugs is usually effective against the infection.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Tuberculous Meningitis involves the central nervous system. Headaches and
- behavioral changes may be noticed initially. Fever, headache, a stiff neck,
- and vomiting may also occur. Symptoms among older children and adults may
- progress from irritability to confusion, drowsiness, and stupor, possibly
- leading to coma.
-
- Untreated, this disorder can lead to seizures, "communicating
- hydrocephalus" (accumulation of fluid in the brain cavity), deafness, mental
- retardation, paralysis of one side of the body (hemiparesis) and other
- neurological abnormalities. (For more information on communicating
- hydrocephalus, choose "hydrocephalus" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Testing for Tuberculous Meningitis may include imaging techniques such as
- CT scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diagnosis is made by
- examination of the cerebrospinal fluid.
-
- Causes
-
- Tuberculous Meningitis is a rare complication that occurs in some patients
- who have or have had tuberculosis (TB), especially miliary tuberculosis. It
- can also occur in people who have been exposed to the bacteria that causes
- TB. This form of meningitis is caused by a specific bacteria known as
- Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. (For more information on tuberculosis, choose
- "tuberculosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Affected Population
-
- Tuberculous Meningitis is a rare complication that occurs in some patients
- who have or have had tuberculosis (TB), or were exposed to the TB bacteria.
- It is usually found in children aged one to five years although it may occur
- at any age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders may resemble those of Tuberculous
- Meningitis. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- In general, Meningitis is characterized by inflammation of the membranes
- (meninges) around the brain or spinal cord. This inflammation may be caused
- by different types of bacteria, viruses, fungi, malignant tumors, or
- reactions to certain injections into the spinal canal. (For more information
- on other forms of meningitis, choose "meningitis" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database).
-
- Encephalitis is a brain infection. There are different types of this
- disorder which are caused by different types of viruses. Encephalitis may
- also be caused by hypersensitivity initiated by a virus or other protein that
- is foreign to the body. Symptoms may include headache, drowsiness,
- hyperactivity, and/or general weakness. This disorder may have some symptoms
- similar to those of Meningitis such as a stiff neck, altered reflexes,
- confusion, speech disorders, convulsions, paralysis and coma. (For more
- information choose "Encephalitis" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Meningitis is usually treated with antibiotic drugs used against the bacteria
- causing the infection. These may include isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin,
- and ethambutol. Treatment should last for at least 9 months to one year.
- Corticosteroid drugs such as prednisone may also be of benefit.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through August
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Tuberculous Meningitis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 1691.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 1497, 1502.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 1, 15th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed.-in-chief;
- Merck, Sharp, and Dohme Laboratories, 1987. Pp. 121-122.
-
- Gd-DTPA-ENHANCED MR IMAGING OF THE BRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH MENINGITIS:
- COMPARISON WITH CT. K. H. Chang, et al.; AJR Am J Roentgenol (April 1990;
- issue 154 (4)). Pp. 809-816.
-
- TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN: TREATMENT WITH ISONIAZID AND
- RIFAMPICIN FOR TWELVE MONTHS. P. Visudhiphan and S. Chiemchanya; J Pediatr
- (May 1989; issue 114 (5)). Pp. 875-879.
-
-